Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress is the damage made through the oxidative process. The damage can occur at a molecular, cellular or organ level or can affect the whole organism. Most reactive oxygen species are created as a by-product of normal and essential metabolic reactions, such as energy generation from mitochondria or the detoxification reactions involving the liver cytochrome P-450 exzyme system. This damage is associated with increased risk of disease and can affect the body at a molecular, tissue or organ level or can impact the entire organism. Reactive oxygen species are often referred to as free radicals or peroxides.
Causes of Oxidative Stress
Increased Oxidative Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species is a result of:
- Endogenous sources
- normal and essential metabolic reactions, such as energy generation from mitochondria
- detoxification reactions involving the liver cytochrome P-450 enzyme system.
- Exogenous sources:
- Lifestyle factors including exposure to cigarette smoke, consumption of alcohol
- Pathogens such as bacterial, fungal or viral infections.
- Environmental factors including environmental pollutants such as emission from automobiles and industries, asbestos and exposure to ionizing radiation.
Impact of Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress has been implicated in many chronic and inflammatory diseases such as:[1]
- heart disease[2]
- Diabetes[3]
- renal disease
- fatigue
- cancer
- allergies
- arthritis
- skin exposure damage
- Diseases associated with aging
- Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation are seen in many dermatologic disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, pemphigus vulgaris (PV), lichen planus and alopecia areata.[4]
Treatment Options
Article | Dark Chocolate Reduces Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, NMJ, [1], 2011 November |
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The treatment of oxidative stress includes:
References
- ↑ McKenna DJ et al. (2000) Green tea monograph Alternative Ther Health Med;6(3):61-84
- ↑ Dhalla Naranjan S, Temsah Rana M, Netticadan Thomas (2000) Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease Journal of hypertension;18(6):655-668.
- ↑ Gupta S, Sharma TK, Kaushik GG, Shekhawat VP. (2011) Vitamin E supplementation may ameliorate oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Clin Lab;Vol57(5-6):379-86. PMID: 21755829
- ↑ Yesilova Y, Ucmak D, Selek S, Dertlioğlu SB, Sula B, Bozkus F, Turan E (Feb 2012) Oxidative stress index may play a key role in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. PMID: 22324759.