Timeline of the History of Naturopathic Medicine

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Latest Edit: Iva 2012-08-03 (EDT)

Early Years

  • Early BC: The concepts of vitalism and holism are the basis of health and disease, the use of botanicals and herbal medicine, the use of acupuncture. Food, exercise, hot baths and following the laws of nature were used to heal the sick
  • 460-377 BC: Hippocrates: father of conventional and naturopathic medicine, embraces the concepts of vitalism and holism wikipedia reference
  • 469–399 BC: Socrates: one of the founders of Western philosophy, defines vitalism wikipedi reference
  • 428-348 BC: Plato: one of the founders of Western philosophy wikipedia reference
  • 384-322 BC: Aristotle: one of the founders of Western philosophy, defines vitalism wikipedia reference
  • 129-200 BC: Galen: vital processes in an organism must be interpreted in relation to its environment wikipedia reference
  • 1004: Quarantine concept introduced as a way of limiting spread of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis
  • 1300–1650: Renaissance period: body is starting to be understood on the basis of chemistry and physics wikipedia reference
  • 1348: Venice establishes 1st institutionalized system of quarantine wikipedia reference
  • 1493–1541: Paracelsus: disease due to toxins in food and drink, advocates talk therapy, explains disease as chemical process wikipedia reference
  • 1439: Johannes Gutenberg: invents the mechanical printing press wikipedia reference
  • 1590: Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans: two Dutch spectacle makers, invented the technology for the microscope wikipedia reference
  • 1596–1650: René Descartes: introduces dualism, the theory that mind and body are separate, introduces mechanistic concept of human beings wikipedia reference

1600 to 1800

  • 1623–1723: the first microscope is developed wikipedia reference
  • 1624–1689: Thomas Sydenham: focuses on identifying the cause of disease - often lifestyle - and the natural healing ability of the body wikipedia reference
  • 1643-1727: Isaac Newton: provides theories of gravitation, the laws of motion, and the ground work for classical mechanics wikipedia reference
  • 1660-1734: George Ernst Stahl: reintroduces the concept of a soul or vital essence in humans
  • 1712-1778: Jean Jacques Rousseau: fuels the nature cure movement wikipedia reference
  • 1755-1843: Hahnemann founder of homeopathy wikipedia reference
  • 1762-1836: Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland: founder of holistic medicine, uses hydrotherapy, air and light therapies, vegetarian diets and herbal remedies wikipedia reference
  • 1774: Benjamin Jesty, a farmer in England: first recording of vaccinating humans –inoculated his wife and two sons with smallpox wikipedia reference
  • 1798: Edward Jenner: coined the term vaccination from the latin root for cow: ‘vacca’ from his use of preventing small pox infection by inoculation wikipedia reference
  • 1798-1856: Johann Schroth: student of Priessnitz, introduces moist heat therapy, recommends fasting and dry food wikipedia reference
  • 1799-1851: Vincent Priessnitz founder of hydrotherapy, uses cold water therapy
  • Late 1700s: Anatomy and physiology integral part of medicine
  • 1765: The first US medical school is opened in Philadelphia, USA
  • 1794-1851: Graham Sylvester: an American practitioner, one of the founders of the hygienic school of thought wikipedia reference
  • 1798-1859: William Alcott: an American practitioner, one of the founders of the hygienic school of thought wikipedia reference

1800 to 1900

  • Prior to early 1800s medicine is done by layman and is domestically oriented
  • 1805–1848: J.H. Rausse: first to lay down the scientific principles of water cure
  • 1809–1882: Charles Darwin: separation of man from his environment, survival of the fittest
  • 1812-1877: Russell Thacker Trall: promotes hydropathic and hygienic treatments and eclectic practice, a prolific author
  • 1816: René Laënnec, a French physician: invents the stethoscope
  • 1821-1894: Father Sebatian Kneipp: promotes hydrotherapy and holistic healthy lifestyle, link between European nature cure and American naturopathy
  • 1823-1906: Arnold Rikli: founder of light and air cures, introduces contrast water baths, and the use of steam
  • 1824: The first Canadian medical school, McGill University, opened in Montreal Quebec
  • 1824-1883: Theodor Hahn: furthers hydrotherapy, vegetarianism and promotes self-responsibility
  • 1825: Hans Burch Gram (1787-1840): brings homeopathy to America
  • 1830s: Isaac Jennings, Sylvester Graham and William Alcott: fathers of hygiene movement
  • 1831 – 1903: Dr. Emily Stowe, MD: One of the first Canadian woman physicians. She emphasized a simple, natural life, sensible habits of dress, child rearing. She believed the only indestructible force in the Universe is the mind, emphasized the great power of air.
  • 1833: Dr. Constantine Hering (1800-1880) immigrates to America and later became known as the father of American Homeopathy
  • 1834: William Kelly: introduces idea of preventing the spread of disease via sanitation
  • 1835 – 1907: Louis Kuhne: introduces concept of “unit of disease” and disease due to excess foreign matter or food in the body. A prolific author, advocates vegetarian diet and raw food
  • ~1840: Chau. Lauterisser: opens 1st Kneipp sanatorium, in New Jersey
  • 1843 - 1903: F.E. Blitz: popularizes water cure and coordinates many natural systems of healing, renames Schroth treatment to regenerative treatment, opened a Nature Cure sanitarium, prolific author including an encyclopaedia of Nature Cure
  • 1844: The Canadian Medical Assocation (CMA) is started, an official association in 1867
  • 1844: American Institute for Homeopathy is formed, the first national medical association in the United States.
  • 1844: Russell Trall: opens the second water cure sanatorium in America
  • 1847: American Medical Association (AMA) is founded
  • 1850-1924: Ernst Schweninger: establishes first nature cure hospital, located in Berlin
  • 1851: Hermann von Helmholtz from Germany: invents the ophthalmoscope
  • 1852: Russell Trall: establishes the 1st school of natural healing arts, New York Hygieo-Therapeutic College that has a 4-year curriculum and which grants the degree of Medical Doctor upon graduation.
  • 1852-1942: John Tilden: propounded theory of auto-intoxication or toxaemia, prolific author
  • 1852-1943: John Harvey Kellogg: prolific author, patents first ‘health food’ cereal
  • 1853: Term psychotherapeutics is coined
  • 1856-1926: Emanuel Felk: introduces clay poultices
  • 1859-1939: Adolph Just: introduces concept of healing crisis, promotes self-care and responsibilities
  • 1860-1905: Heinrich Lahmann: one of the first scientific nature doctors
  • 1861-1865: American Civil War
  • 1862-1924: Henry Lindlahr: founder of scientific naturopathy
  • 1863: James Caleb Jackson: creates granola
  • 1864: Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895), a French microbiologist: furthers the understanding of the germ theory
  • 1865-1885: Homeopathy flourishes in America
  • 1865-1933: Franz Schönenberger: one of the first University professors for nature cure methods
  • 1868-1925: Louisa Lust: naturopathic doctor, wife of Benedict Lust, financially supports the early growth of naturopathic medicine
  • 1868-1955: B Macfadden: leader of the physical culture movement
  • 1870s: Medical schools start to introduce hands-on approach
  • 1871: Harvard University creates the 1st four-year medical educational curriculum in America
  • 1872-1945: Benedict Lust: father of American naturopathy
  • 1873-1948: Fredrick W Collins: embraces the eclectic aspect of naturopathic medicine, establishes the first free naturopathic clinic
  • 1874: Andrew Taylor Still (1828 – 1917): founds osteopathy
  • 1876: Alexander Graham Bell: invents the telephone. First call occurred in Mount Pleasant, Ontario
  • 1879-1962: Otis G. Carroll: introduces constitutional hydrotherapy and the concept of food sensitivities
  • 1880s: Prior to this anyone could hang up a shingle, with no formal education, and call themselves a doctor
  • 1889-1946: Joe Shelby Riley: embraces eclectic aspect of naturopathic medicine, introduces acupuncture, reflexology and zone therapy into naturopathic medicine
  • 1891: A. Reinhold: opens a Kneipp Sanitarium, located in New York
  • 1891: John’s Hopkin’s University and other schools adopt a four-year medical program
  • 1892: Andrew Steel, MD: founds the first school of Osteopathy, American School of Osteopathy in Missouri
  • 1895: Daniel David Palmer, a Canadian born in Port Perry, Ontario: founds chiropractic
  • 1895: Dr. John Scheel, a German homeopath: coins the term Naturopathy. The term was purchased by Benedict Lust in 1902.
  • 1895: Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen from Germany: invents the X-ray
  • 1896: Benedict Lust: brings Nature Cure to America
  • 1897: First school of chiropractic, Palmer School of Chiropractic, is established in Iowa
  • 1897: James T. Kent: publishes his first homeopathic repertory
  • 1897: Ernst Duchesne: describes the antibiotic properties of penicillium sp.
  • 1898: Yukon added to Canada
  • 1898-1964: Alfred Brauchle: cooperation between natural and allopathic medicine: The great nature cure experiment in Dresden hospital
  • 1898-1991: Arno R. Koegler: influential Canadian ND, teacher, involved in securing Ontario regulation, promoted the use of homeopathy and iridology.

1900 to 1950

  • 1900: Benedict Lust: opens 1st naturopathic school, American School of Naturopathy in New York City
  • 1901: American Osteopathic Association is founded
  • 1901: Journal of the American Medical Association begins
  • 1901: Robert Foster: establishes a naturopathic school in Idaho
  • 1901: Kneipp convention which is held in New York marks the birth of Naturopathy in America
  • 1902: Benedict Lust: opens Yungborn Sanitarium in New Jersey
  • 1902-1944: Linus Pauling: scientist who won two Nobel prizes, focused on the healing power of Vitamin C.
  • 1904: American Medical Association (AMA) creates Council on Medical Education
  • 1906: Lindlahr Sanitarium for Nature Cure and Osteopathy opens in Chicago
  • 1909: Pacific College of Chiropractic opens
  • 1909: State of California is the first State to acquire legislation for naturopathic medicine
  • 1909: Paul Ehrlich: develops the narrow spectrum antibiotic salvarson which is used for syphilis
  • Early 1900s: Government run hospitals are started
  • 1910: The Carnegie Foundation issues the Flexner report sponsored by the AMA
  • ~1910: Henry Lindlahr: founds the Lindlahr College of Nature Cure and Osteopathy, later renamed to the Lindlahr College of Natural Therapeutics, a leading naturopathic college of its day.
  • 1912-1995: John Bastyr: father of modern day naturopathic medicine
  • 1914: Benedict Lust: opens Yungborn Sanitarium in Florida
  • 1915: Drugless Physicians Association is formed in Ontario, later dissolved in 1952
  • 1916 – 1987: Joseph A. Boucher: an inspiring teacher and advocate of naturopathic medicine
  • 1917 – 1937: Halycon years for naturopathic medicine
  • 1918: First airmail delivery, occurred between Montreal and Toronto
  • 1920: Over 20 naturopathic schools in the United States
  • ~1920: Ragnar Berg (1873 – 1956): introduces acid/alkaline concept
  • 1920: Allopathic physicians and surgeons are licensed in all jurisdictions in the United States
  • 1920: Connecticut licenses naturopathic doctors
  • 1922: Fredrick Banting and J.J.R. Macleod, two Canadian scientists: discover insulin
  • 1923: Northwest College of Naturopathy is founded
  • 1923: British Columbia becomes the first province in Canada to regulate naturopathic medicine. It is regulated under The Medical Act
  • 1925: Ontario becomes the 2nd province regulated under umbrella legislation Drugless Practitioner’s Act
  • 1927: Beginning of residency programs in hospitals
  • 1928: Alexander Fleming: discovers penicillin
  • 1929 – 1939: Great Depression
  • 1930: Many of the naturopathic schools had either closed or were hanging on by a thread
  • 1930: Institute of Naturopathic Sanipractic Physicians is formed
  • 1932: Pacific College of Chiropractic is reorganized and renamed Western States College
  • 1939 – 1945: World War II
  • 1940s: Hahnemann Medical School, last US medical school to teach homeopathy discontinues its program
  • 1949: Canadian national association started under the name Canadian Association of Naturopathic Physicians (CANP), name is later changed to CNA when it is incorporated in 1955

1950 to 1975

  • 1953: 23 states have received government recognition or licensure
  • 1954: National College in Chicago closes
  • 1955: Western States Chiropractic College (the last in the US to have a ND program) discontinues its ND program
  • 1956: National College of Naturopathic Medicine (NCNM) is founded
  • 1956: Inaugural convention for Northwest Naturopathic Physicians Convention
  • 1958: National Association of Naturopathic Physicians (NANP) is formed by merging The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (different organization than present AANP) and the American Naturopathic Association
  • 1963: AMA refuses to continue to examine chiropractors for licensure
  • 1963: Chiropractors establish their own examining boards
  • 1963: AMA establishes the committee on quackery for the purpose of discrediting alternative practitioners
  • 1963: Unity meeting between Canada and the US with respect to the definition of naturopathic medicine
  • 1969: Osteopathic doctors are granted full active membership in the AMA
  • 1970: Joint CNA and Northwest Naturopathic Convention
  • 1974: Chiropractors licensed in all states
  • 1975: Number of US states that have naturopathic regulation drops to seven

1975 to 2000

2000 to Current Time

Checkout Timeline of Naturopathic Medicine in Canada for further information.
Checkout History of Naturopathic Medicine for further information.
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